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Below we provide solutions, errata, omissions, exam hints & solutions. We do not provide solutions to every question - only those that students find consistently challenging.
If you have a question or concern please let us know on our contact page.
STARs provide arriving aircraft with a transition from the enroute airway system to the terminal environment. They have been around for a while and have grown in importance with the integration of GPS into our air-navigation system.
Transport Canada is now testing your knowledge of STARs in the written exams. Please review the STARs Briefing Notes that are linked below. Note that these notes have been incorporated into the books beginning with the 2025 edition:
STARs Briefing Notes (PDF, 2,272 kB)
ADS-B Out is now required in Class A airspace (as of Aug 10, 2023) and will be required in Class B airspace from May 16, 2024. Transport Canada is now testing your knowledge of the ADS-B system in the written exams. Please review the ADS-B Out Briefing Notes that are linked below. Note that these notes have been incorporated into the books beginning with the 2025 edition:
ADS-B Out Briefing Notes (PDF, 120 KB)
Refer to the following files for solutions to the weight and balance exercise from questions 30 to 36.
Sometimes the altimetry questions can be tricky. Here are a few worked solutions to help you solve these questions:
Calculating the maximum line-of-sight reception range for VOR or VHF radio can be tricky. Review the PDF linked below for the three most common types of questions and and explanation of how to solve each one.
VOR Reception Exam Hints (PDF, 210 KB)
The Transport Canada Study and Reference Guide for the ATPL exams lists Human Factors for the SARON exam and not for the SAMRA exam, but the feedback that we received from students who have written the ATPL exams is that Human Factors questions do come up in the SAMRA exam quite often.
Human Factors is considered such an important topic that you should know the material anyway and be prepared for Human Factors questions on every exam.
A similar situation occurs where the SARON lists "General Navigation", while the SAMRA lists "Radio Aids to Navigation". In reality there is a lot of common information between General Navigation and Radio Aids to Navigation, so you can expect both types of questions in the SARON as well as the SAMRA exams.
The following formulae and charts will be helpful to you when preparing for your exams:
Answer b) should be updated to say:
b) Mercator projection
The following changes are made to the description of Rhumb and Great Circle lines on the Transverse Mercator projection, which is used on the VTA charts.
Rhumb Lines: Arc - bulged towards the nearest pole
Great Circle Lines: Approximates a straight line
These details are updated on: Navigation section 6.1.2 “Chart Properties”, page 263, which is reproduced below:
Chart Properties (PDF, 86 KB)
Transport Canada has updated the wake turbulence categories in AIM RAC 4.1.1 to show in kilograms (kg), not in pounds (lb). Make sure you know the categories in kilograms for the exams.
The Super Heavy wake turbulence category was added, and separation distances between Super Heavy and other categories are updated.
Refer to AIM RAC 4.1.1, Table 4.1 - Separation per Aircraft Category for Wake Turbulence Purposes
Both Canada and the United States of America have stopped production of the 1:1,000,000 scale World Aeronautical Charts (WAC). You no longer need to know the details of WAC charts for your TC exams!
The details of WAC charts have been removed from: Navigation section 6.1.2 “Chart Properties”, page 263