Private Pilot - Support

Rhumb Lines and Great Circle Lines on Transverse Mercator Projections:

The following changes are made to the description of Rhumb and Great Circle lines on the Transverse Mercator projection, which is used on the VTA charts.

Rhumb Lines: Arc - bulged towards the nearest pole

Great Circle Lines: Approximates a straight line

These details are updated on: Navigation section 3.1.1.2 “Chart Properties”, page 125, which is reproduced below:

Chart Properties (PDF, 86 KB)

WAC Charts No Longer Available:

Both Canada and the United States of America have stopped production of the 1:1,000,000 scale World Aeronautical Charts (WAC). You no longer need to know the details of WAC charts for your TC exams!

The details of WAC charts have been removed from: Navigation section 3.1.1.2 “Chart Properties”, page 125

Air Law - Section 1.1.9 - VFR Weather Minima

VFR Weather Minima in uncontrolled airspace - The section for above 1,000 ft AGL should say "At or above 1,000 ft AGL", as follows:

Fatigue Management Rules - CAR changes

The regulations around flight duty times and fatigue management have changed in December 2020, and since the Sharper Edge Solutions 2021 editions were released in September 2020 they also do not capture these latest regulations. Note that both the Commercial Pilot License and Airline Transport License study and reference guides have also not been updated to reflect the regulatory changes. Consult your local flight school and local Transport Canada office to find out if the exams in your region are updated to include the new fatigue management rules.

Section 1.2 Air Law Question 32

Answer b) should include simulated instrument time. The updated answer b) is as follows:

b) 1000 hours of flight time, 100 hours on multi-engine aeroplanes, 50 hours of simulated or actual flight in IMC and 50 hours of flight time on the aeroplane type

Section 3.1.3 - Standard Weights for Passengers

The standard passenger weights for use in weight and balance calculations were increased in the October 2019 Aeronautical Information Manual. See AIM RAC 3.4.7

CARs now require 12 hour since your last alcoholic drink

The regulations about alcohol and drugs that relate to crew members (CAR 602.03) were updated in December 2018. The old rule requiring 8 hours between consuming an alcoholic drink and flying have changed - the rule now requires 12 hours between drinking alcohol and acting as a crew member of an aircraft. CAR 602.03 Alcohol or Drugs - Crew Members

Section 4.1.9 - Stalling

The notes have been corrected to indicate that the published stall speed which is shown on the airspeed indicator is determined at the forward center of gravity limit, not the aft limit.

Air Law - Question 72

The correct answer to Question 72 should be "a) All of the time"